What You Need to Know about Pentagon and Military-Related Spending in H.R. 1

A new report from the Costs of War project finds that H.R. 1, known as the “One Big Beautiful Bill Act,” directs most of its $156 billion in military spending to contractors, setting a troubling precedent for bypassing the regular defense budget process.

The military spending portion of the reconciliation bill, also known as the “One Big Beautiful Bill Act” (or H.R. 1), will primarily benefit military contractors, according to a joint issue brief from the Costs of War project and the Stimson Center. The brief explains that H.R. 1 sets a dangerous precedent for lawmakers to make major military policy and spending decisions through reconciliation rather than the regular NDAA process.

H.R. 1 breaks from precedent by allocating $156 billion for Pentagon and military-related programs in fiscal years 2025 - 2029, notes Stimson Center research analyst Julia Gledhill, who authored the brief. She also notes that it lacks details on specific spending categories, effectively making it a slush fund, while incentivizing future lawmakers to skirt the regular budget process.

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